"What's new" in Python-Versionen (C) 2016-2025 T.Birnthaler OSTC GmbH
================================
Die in jeder Python-Version hinzugefügten Erweiterungen bzw. entfernten
Eigenschaften ("What's new in Python x.y")
Doku --> docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/index.html
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| Ver | Jahr | Beschreibung | PEP |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 3.14| 2026 | Make UTF-8 mode default | 686 |
| | | Subscriptable functions | 718 |
| | | TypedDict with Typed Extra Items | 728 |
| | | Type checking annotated metadata | 746 |
| | | Annotating Type Forms | 747 |
| | | Inline typed dictionaries | 764 |
| | | Annotating Read-Only Attributes | 767 |
| | | Reimagining native threads | 788 |
| | | imath — module for integer-specific mathematics functions | 791 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 3.14| 2025 | Deferred Evaluation Of Annotations Using Descriptors | 649 |
| | | Implementing PEP 649 | 749 |
| | | Template Strings | 750 |
| | | Safe external debugger interface for CPython | 768 |
| | | Python Configuration C API | 741 |
| | | C API to import-export Python integers | 757 |
| | | Allow except and except* expressions without parentheses | 758 |
| | | Disallow return/break/continue that exit a finally block | 765 |
| | | Adding Zstandard to the standard library | 784 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 3.13| 2024 | Consistent views of namespaces | 667 |
| | | Type Defaults for Type Parameters | 696 |
| | | Marking deprecations using the type system | 702 |
| | | Making the Global Interpreter Lock Optional in CPython | 703 |
| | | TypedDict: Read-only items | 705 |
| | | Adding iOS as a supported platform | 730 |
| | | Multiple Interpreters in the Stdlib | 734 |
| | | C API to format a type fully qualified name | 737 |
| | | Adding Android as a supported platform | 738 |
| | | Narrowing types with TypeIs | 742 |
| | | JIT Compilation | 744 |
| | | REPL-acing the default REPL | 762 |
| | | Emscripten Support | 776 |
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| 3.12| 2023 | Low impact monitoring for CPython | 669 |
| | | General purpose template literal strings | 501 |
| | | Python local packages directory | 583 |
| | | Type Aliases | |
| | | Syntax for late-bound function argument defaults | 671 |
| | | Allow parentheses in assert statements | 679 |
| | | Cross-compiling Python packages | 720 |
| | | Immortal Objects, Using a Fixed Refcount | 683 |
| | | A per-interpreter GIL | 684 |
| | | Making the buffer protocol accessible in Python | 688 |
| | | Using TypedDict for more precise **kwargs typing | 692 |
| | | Type Parameter Syntax and the type statement | 695 |
| | | Type Defaults for Type Parameters statement | 695 |
| | | Override Decorator for Static Typing | 698 |
| | | Syntactic formalization of F-Strings | 701 |
| | | Inlined Comprehensions | 709 |
| | | Remove wstr from Unicode objects in Python's C API | 623 |
| | | Remove distuils package | 632 |
| | | Isolating modules in the standard library | 687 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 3.11| 2022 | Include Fine-Grained Error Locations in Tracebacks | 657 |
| | | Column information for code objects | ... |
| | | Zero-cost exceptions | ... |
| | | Exception Groups and except* | 654 |
| | | Marking indiv. TypedDict items as required or pot. missing| 655 |
| | | Self Type | 673 |
| | | Variadic Generics | 646 |
| | | Arbitrary literal string type | 675 |
| | | Library lib2to3 and 2to3 tool deprecated | 617 |
| | | tomllib: Support for Parsing TOML in the Standard Library | 680 |
| | | Data Class Transforms | 681 |
| | | 10-60% faster than 3.10 (1.22x speedup on standard | |
| | | benchmark suite) Faster Cpython Project) | |
| | | Regex: Atomic grouping (?>...) | |
| | | Regex: Possessive quantifiers *+, ++, ?+, {m,n}+ | |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 3.10| 2021 | Allow writing union types as X | Y | 604 |
| | | Parameter specification variables | 612 |
| | | Explicit type aliases | 613 |
| | | Add optional length-checking to zip | 618 |
| | | Parenthesized context managers officially allowed | |
| | | Precise line numbers for debugging and other tools | 626 |
| | | Deprecate module distutils | 632 |
| | | Structural pattern matching: Specification | 634 |
| | | Structural pattern matching: Motivation and Rationale | 635 |
| | | Structural pattern matching: Tutorial | 636 |
| | | Add optional EncodingWarning | 597 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 3.9 | 2020 | Union operator | for dict | 584 |
| | | Type hinting generics in standard collections | 585 |
| | | Relaxed grammar restrictions on decorators | 614 |
| | | String methods to remove prefixes and suffixes | 616 |
| | | Flexible function and variable annotations | 593 |
| | | CPython now uses a new parser based on PEG | 617 |
| | | range/tuple/set/frozenset/list/dict faster vectorcall | 590 |
| | | Garbage collection does not block on resurrected objects | |
| | | IANA time zone database in new module "zoneinfo" | 615 |
| | | Topological graph sort offered in new module "graphlib" | |
| | | CPython adopts an annual release cycle | 602 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 3.8 | 2019 | Type annotation/Hinting | |
| | | Assignment Expression := ("Walrus" Operator) | 572 |
| | | Positional only parameters (a, b, /, c, d, *, d, e) | |
| | | PYTHONCACHEPREFIX (Option -X) | |
| | | Formatierung F"{EXPR=}" --> "EXPR=VALUE-OF-EXPR" | |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 3.7 | 2018 | PYTHONCOERCELOCALE | |
| | | Data Class @dataclass | 557 |
| | | Neue C-API für Thread-lokalen Speicher in CPython | |
| | | Module "time" kennt Nanosekunden | |
| | | Neuer UTF-8 Modus "surrogateescape" (für POSIX locale) | |
| | | (-X utf8, PYTHONUTF8) | |
| | | Neuer "Development mode" (-X dev, PYTHONDEVMODE) | |
| | | Hash-basierte "*.pyc"-Checks (statt Zeitstempel-basiert) | |
| | | Funktionsdef/Aufruf mit mehr als 255 Parametern/Argumenten| |
| | | Viele Standard-Module erweitert | |
| | | dict bewahrt Schlüssel-Reihenfolge (jede Implementierung) | |
| | | Schlüsselworte "async" und "await" | |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 3.6 | 2016 | Literal "f" für formatierte Strings | |
| | | Syntax für Annotation von Variablen (Funktionen
| | | Asynchrone Generatoren und Comprehensions | |
| | | CPython-dict-Implementierung bewahrt Schlüssel-Reihenfolge| |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 3.5 | 2015 | Operator "@" für Matrizen-Multiplikation | |
| | | Koroutinen mit "async" und "await" | |
| | | Type hints (Modul "typing") | 484 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 3.4 | 2014 | Umfassende PIP-Integration | |
| | | Modul "enum" (Aufzählungs-Datentyp) | |
| | | "asyncio"-Bibliothek | |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 3.3 | 2012 | Syntax "yield from" (Generator Delegation) | |
| | | Syntax u"STRING" wieder erlaubt (Unicode explizit) | |
| | | Virtual Environments "venv" | 405 |
| | | Implicit Namespace Packages | 420 |
| | | Module: faulthandler ipaddress lzma unittest.mock venv | |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 3.2 | 2011 | "*.pyc"-Kompilate in Unterverz. "__pycache__" sammeln | |
| | | Viele Standard-Module erweitert | |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 3.1 | 2009 | Datentyp "OrderedDict" im Modul "collections" | |
| | | Methode "bit_length" des Datentyps "int" | |
| | | Autom. Numerierung von Platzhaltern in String-Formatierung| |
| | | Neuer Algorithmus zur internen Repr. von "float"-Werten | |
| | | atexit | |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 3.0 | 2008 | Änderungen die nicht auch in Version 2.6 enthalten sind: | |
| | | Viele Funktionen/Methoden geben Iterator statt Liste zurück |
| | | Datentyp "long" entfernt | |
| | | Datentyp "bytes" für Binärdaten | |
| | | Datentyp "str" speichert ausschließlich Unicode-Strings | |
| | | Dictionary-Comprehension | |
| | | Reine Schlüsselwort-Parameter | |
| | | Anweisung "nonlocal" | |
| | | Literale für Datentyp "set" | |
| | | Viele Standard-Module entfernt, umbenannt, verändert | |
| | | Annotationen |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 2.7 | 2010 | Letzte Version von Python 2 (enthält Neuerungen von 3.1/2 | |
| | | Dictionary und Set-Comprehension | |
| | | Modul "argparse" | |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 2.6 | 2008 | Zeitgleich zu 3.0 entwickelt (enthält Neuerungen, die | |
| | | die Abwärtskompatibilität nicht beeinträchtigen) | |
| | | Kontext-Manager "with" | |
| | | Paket "multiprocessing" | |
| | | Neue Syntax zur String-Formatierung ("...".format(...)) | |
| | | Funktion "print" (statt Anweisung) | |
| | | Oktale und binäre Zahlen-Literale | |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 2.5 | 2006 | Conditional Expression | |
| | | Relative "import"-Anweisung | |
| | | Vereinheitlichung "try-except-finally"-Anweisung | |
| | | (vorher "except" und "finally" nicht gemeinsam verwendbar)| |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 2.4 | 2004 | Generator Expressions | |
| | | Dekoratoren für Funktionen und Klassen | |
| | | Modul "decimal" | |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 2.3 | 2003 | Datentyp "set" (erst im Modul "sets", ab 2.4 eingebaut) | |
| | | Generatorfunktionen | |
| | | Datentyp "bool" | |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 2.2 | 2001 | Verschachtelte Namensräume | |
| | | New-Style Klasse erlaubt Erben von built-in Datentypen | |
| | | Mehrfachvererbung | |
| | | Properties | |
| | | Iterator-Konzept | |
| | | Statische Methoden + Klassenmethoden | |
| | | Automatische Konvertierung Datentypen "int" und "long" | |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 2.1 | 2001 | Modul "__future__" | |
| | | Vergleichsoperationen einzeln überladbar | |
| | | "import" auch unter Windows/macOS case-sensitiv | |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 2.0 | 2000 | Datentyp "unicode" für Unicode-Strings | |
| | | List Comprehension | |
| | | Erweiterte Zuweisung (augmented assignment +=, ...) | |
| | | Garbage Collection für zyklische Referenzen | |
+-----+------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----+
| 1.0 | 1994 | Veröffentlichung 1. Version | |
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